RESUMO
En el área de la salud existen escalas para recoger y analizar enfermedades de manera objetiva. Su proceso de validación incluye la traducción desde otro idioma, la adaptación semántica y su aplicación para medir su validez y confiabilidad en un entorno diferente al de origen. El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar en la literatura los instrumentos validados en Hispanoamérica y conocer las propiedades psicométricas en el ámbito de la neurorrehabilitación. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria en las bases de datos PubMed, PeDro, Scholar, Science Direct y LILACS, utilizando combinaciones con «evaluation», «physical therapy», «rehabilitation», «Neurology». De los 18.355 registros recuperados, a 105 se les hizo lectura completa de título y resumen y finalmente 25 fueron incluidos en la síntesis cualitativa y apreciados críticamente. Se concluye que las escalas aquí presentadas tienen buenas características psicométricas para su adopción en procesos clínicos y terapéuticos (AU)
In the area of health there are scales that allow collecting and analyzing conditions objectively. Its validation process includes translation from another language, semantic adaptation, and its application to measure its validity and reliability in an environment other than the original one. The objective of this review was to identify the instruments validated in Hispanics America in the literature and to know the psychometric properties in the field of neurorehabilitation. An exploratory review was carried out in the PubMed, PeDro, Scholar, Science Direct and LILACS databases, using combinations with «evaluation», «physical therapy», «rehabilitation», «Neurology». Of the 18,355 records retrieved, 105 received a full title and abstract reading; where finally 25 were included in the qualitative synthesis and critically appreciated. It is concluded that the scales presented here have good psychometric characteristics that allow their adoption in clinical and therapeutic processes (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços de Reabilitação , Reabilitação Neurológica/métodos , América , EspanhaRESUMO
In the area of health there are scales that allow collecting and analyzing conditions objectively. Its validation process includes translation from another language, semantic adaptation, and its application to measure its validity and reliability in an environment other than the original one. The objective of this review was to identify the instruments validated in Hispanics America in the literature and to know the psychometric properties in the field of neurorehabilitation. An exploratory review was carried out in the PubMed, PeDro, Scholar, Science Direct and LILACS databases, using combinations with «evaluation¼, «physical therapy¼, «rehabilitation¼, «Neurology¼. Of the 18,355 records retrieved, 105 received a full title and abstract reading; where finally 25 were included in the qualitative synthesis and critically appreciated. It is concluded that the scales presented here have good psychometric characteristics that allow their adoption in clinical and therapeutic processes.
Assuntos
Reabilitação Neurológica , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , TraduçõesRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares representan la primera causa de muerte en el mundo. La estimación del Riesgo Cardiovascular (RCV) podría disminuir la carga de la enfermedad y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Objetivo: Estimar el RCV en pacientes sin sospecha de cifras tensionales elevadas en una Clínica de Medicina Familiar en la Ciudad de México. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, participaron 101 pacientes de sexo masculino y femenino, de 40 a 69 años, sin diagnóstico previo de Hipertensión Arterial (HTA), pero que presentaron cifras tensionales altas al momento del estudio. Para diagnosticar HTA se utilizaron los criterios de la Asociación Americana del Corazón-2017. El RCV se evaluó con el ASCVD-Risk Estimator Plus. Resultados: En la muestra la HTA estuvo presente en el 55.4 %, 44.6 % manifestaron presión arterial elevada. Respecto al RCV, 54.4 % presentaron bajo riesgo, 11.8 % riesgo límite, 25.7 % intermedio y 7.9 % alto. Los factores de RCV con mayor prevalencia fueron diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), sobrepeso, obesidad y elevación de cifras tensionales. Discusión: Un porcentaje importante de participantes presentó RCV en sus diferentes categorías. Se requiere ser más estrictos en los parámetros utilizados para definir la HTA; pues sin intervenciones oportunas las enfermedades cardiovasculares continuarán incrementándose. Conclusión: Cerca de la mitad de los casos presentaron un RCV de límite a alto. Existió alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo individuales como DM2, HTA y dislipidemia. Se deben fortalecer búsquedas intencionadas de pacientes con características similares a las de este estudio para prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world. The estimation of the Cardiovascular Risk (CVR) could both reduce the burden of the illness and improve the quality of life of the patients. Objective: To estimate the CVR in adult patients without a suspicion of having high pressure readings in a Clinic of Family Medicine in Mexico City. Methods: This is a descriptive and transversal study with a sample of 101 male and female patients in the range of 40 to 69 years old, who did not have a previous hypertension diagnosis but who, at the moment of this study, showed high tension readings. The American Heart Association 2017 criteria were used. The cardiovascular risk was assessed using the ASCVD-Risk Estimator Plus. Results: Arterial hypertension readings were found in 55.4 % of the sample. 54.4 % of the sample met the criteria for low risk, 11.8 % for limit risk, 25.7 % for medium risk, and 7.9 % for high risk. The most prevalent factors associated with cardiovascular risk were type 2 diabetes mellitus, overweight, obesity, and hypertension. Discussion: An important percentage of the sample showed cardiovascular risk to some degree, suggesting that perhaps using stricter parameters to define hypertension could prompt more timely interventions. Conclusion: Considering both the high percentage of participants who demonstrated having a cardiovascular risk of concern and the high prevalence of risk factors such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, and overweight, timely monitoring interventions should be promoted in order to prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases.
RESUMO Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morte a nível mundial. A estimativa do risco cardiovascular (RCV) poderia diminuir o peso da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Objetivo: Estimar o RCV em pacientes sem suspeita de tensão arterial elevada em uma Clínica de Medicina Familiar na Cidade do México. Métodos: Um estudo descritivo transversal envolvendo 101 pacientes do sexo masculino e feminino com idades entre os 40 - 69 anos, sem diagnóstico prévio de hipertensão (HTA), mas com tensão arterial elevada no momento do estudo. Os critérios da American Heart Association-2017 foram utilizados para diagnosticar o HTA. O RCV foi avaliado utilizando o ASCVD-Risk Estimator Plus. Resultados: Na amostra, a HTA esteve presente em 55,4 %, 44,6 % reportou tensão arterial elevada. Em relação à RCV, 54,4 % apresentavam baixo risco, 11,8 % risco limite, 25,7 % risco intermédio e 7,9 % alto risco. Os fatores de RCV mais prevalentes foram a diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2), excesso de peso, obesidade e tensão arterial elevada. Discussão: Uma percentagem significativa de participantes tinha RCV em diferentes categorias. Há necessidade de ser mais rigoroso nos parâmetros utilizados para definir a HTA; sem intervenções atempadas, as doenças cardiovasculares continuarão aumentando. Conclusão: Quase metade dos casos tinham um limite de RCV elevado. Havia uma elevada prevalência de fatores de risco individuais tais como DM2, hipertensão e dislipidemia. A procura intencional de pacientes com características semelhantes às deste estudo deve ser reforçada para prevenir o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Liver transplantation (OLT) represents the best treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in advanced cirrhosis showing a 70% 5-year survival rate. Our study sought to compare overall survivals among patients who underwent OLT under Milan Criteria (MC) or San Francisco Criteria (UCSFC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent liver transplantation for HCC in our institution from November 2001 to December 2007. We analyzed age, gender, OLT indication, maximal tumor size, histology, and survival. We compared survival among patients who met MC versus UCSFC. RESULTS: From November 2001 to December 2007, 48/177 (27%) liver transplantations performed in our hospital were indicated due to HCC. The two patients who did not show any tumor in the explanted liver (false-positive ratio 4.2%) were excluded from the analysis. Another two patients were included who showed incidental HCC lesions (false-negative ratio 1.7%), yielding 48 analyzed patients. The mean diameter of the HCC nodules were 3.1 cm before OLT and 3.8 cm in the pathologic examination, a statistically significant difference. Two patients exceeded MC before OLT, and six patients showed this feature in the explanted liver. There was a significant difference in the degree of vascular invasion between the two groups. Overall mortality was 25.9% at 4 years; the MC group show an 11.9% versus UCSFC group, a 66.6% rate. CONCLUSIONS: HCC is a common indication for OLT. Hepatitis C virus is the most common etiology. Survival among the MC group was significantly better than that of subjects beyond the MC, a difference that supports the use of MC for HCC.
